The Basilica of St Pius X, located in Lourdes, France, is a unique and impressive Catholic pilgrimage site. Lourdes is world-famous for the Marian apparitions that took place there in 1858, when Bernadette Soubirous, a young girl from the village, claimed to have seen the Virgin Mary on several occasions.
Since these apparitions, Lourdes has become a must-see pilgrimage centre, welcoming millions of visitors every year from all over the world, often in search of spiritual or physical healing. The Basilica of St Pius X, in particular, represents a powerful symbol of faith and devotion.
Inaugurated in 1958 to mark the centenary of the Marian apparitions, the Basilica of St Pius X stands out from other religious buildings for its unique architecture. Unlike most Catholic basilicas, which are characterised by an impressive verticality, with vaults and spires pointing skywards, St Pius X Basilica is entirely underground. It is located beneath the esplanade of the Sanctuary of Lourdes, at a depth of almost 10 metres. This architectural choice was motivated by the need to have a vast space that could accommodate large crowds, in response to the growing influx of pilgrims. Its capacity is exceptional: it can hold up to 25,000 people, making it one of the largest churches in the world.
The architecture of the basilica is modern and functional, although some find it less aesthetically impressive than other more traditional religious buildings. Built from raw concrete, the underground structure of St Pius X is sometimes referred to as a "spiritual bunker" because of its utilitarian appearance. However, this architectural minimalism in no way detracts from the spirituality of the site. On the contrary, the immensity of the underground hall, lit by modern stained glass windows in coloured slabs, contributes to an atmosphere of contemplation and prayer. The massive pillars that support the structure give an impression of solidity and protection, perhaps symbolising the unshakeable faith of the believers who come here on pilgrimage.
The frescoes and stained glass windows that adorn the interior of the basilica are also of great symbolic richness. Among the most remarkable works is a series of frescoes depicting the 15 mysteries of the Rosary, in keeping with the Marian tradition that permeates Lourdes. These frescoes, executed in a modern style, are rich in colour and symbolism, inviting pilgrims to meditate on key moments in the lives of Christ and the Virgin Mary.
In addition to its ability to accommodate large crowds, St Pius X Basilica is also a gathering place for major religious events. It is here that many international mass celebrations take place, particularly during major gatherings such as the National Pilgrimage or World Youth Day (WYD). Pilgrims who attend these ceremonies are often impressed by the communion that reigns in this immense space. Although the Basilica is modern in its design, it remains a place of great spirituality, where silence and prayer are omnipresent.
Another interesting aspect of St Pius X Basilica is the way it has been designed to meet the needs of the sick and disabled, who make up a large proportion of pilgrims to Lourdes. The building has numerous access points to facilitate mobility for people in wheelchairs, and special areas have been set aside to enable the sick to take part in the celebrations in the best possible conditions. This welcome for the most vulnerable has been at the heart of Lourdes' mission since the apparitions, and the basilica perfectly embodies this spirit of inclusion and care for the most disadvantaged.
The construction of the basilica was decided under the pontificate of Pope Pius XII, but it bears the name of his successor, Pope Pius X, who was canonised in 1954. Pius X is particularly venerated for his efforts to make the liturgical rites simpler and more accessible, particularly frequent communion, which encourages greater participation by the faithful in the sacramental life of the Church. The basilica is thus dedicated to his memory, as a tribute to his dedication to the faith and to the Catholic Church.
In short, the Basilica of St Pius X in Lourdes is a must-see place of pilgrimage, marked by its singular architecture, its ability to bring together crowds of believers, and its commitment to the sick and the most vulnerable. Although it is more modern than the other religious buildings in Lourdes, it is nonetheless deeply imbued with spirituality and contemplation. For those who visit Lourdes, it is a powerful reminder of the history of the Marian apparitions, and of the faith that continues to guide millions of people to this shrine town every year.
